“…We first categorize all German regions into one of three groups, with "protrend", "anti-trend" or "featureless" growth. …”

“…To demonstrate its application, I use this measure to compare polarization across German local labor markets. Job polarization almost exclusively occurs in urban areas where the hypothesis of routine biased technological change is most likely to prevail."…”

“…"The German economy exhibits rising service and declining manufacturing employment. …”

“…"This paper analyzes the evolution of geographical concentration in the West German manufacturing, service, and knowledge-intensive sectors over a time period of 30 years. …”

“…"We estimate the effect of industrial robots on employment, wages, and the composition of jobs in German labor markets between 1994 and 2014. We find that the adoption of industrial robots had no effect on total employment in local labor markets specializing in industries with high robot usage. …”