“…First, one has to determine the appropriate metric of individual well-being. Second, a cut-off value or threshold needs to be established under which persons are considered to be poor. …”

“…First, one has to determine the appropriate metric of individual well-being. Second, a cut-off value or threshold needs to be established under which persons are considered to be poor. …”

“…The decomposition of poverty changes shows that countries differ greatly in the portion of total poverty changes attributed to changes in the poverty rates of both individuals living in jobless and non-jobless households, as well as in the portion of total poverty changes attributed to the changes in the population share of those in jobless households. …”

“…"This paper argues that the sharp growth of educational attainment has won Tinbergen’s race as the qualification structure of employment lags increasingly behind, with a large and increasing underutilisation of individual attainment on the job as a result. With its strong gender dimension this has fostered the demise of the single-earner model of society to the advantage of dual-earner households. …”

“…Third, multivariate regression analysis is performed to identify the main individual and household-level factors predicting consistent poverty status.According to our results, consistent poverty is present in all Member States, although its extent displays fairly large cross-country differences. …”

“…This leads us to define local social innovations in the field of poverty reduction as locally embedded practices, actions and policies that enable socially excluded and impoverished individuals and social groups to satisfy basic needs for which they find no adequate solution in the private market or institutionalized macro-level welfare policies.In a final part of the paper, we build on this customized definition to analyze the relationship between social innovation and macro-level welfare state policies. …”