“…Who pays for protection ? 4. Tales of the tariff trippeis Contes des renverseurs du tarif. 5. …”

“…"In this paper we examine the hypothesis that antidumping actions may contribute to trade liberalization by serving as a ‘safety valve’ for protection-seeking pressures. Using microlevel trade and tariff data at the HS 8-digit level for the European Union, we investigate whether the use of antidumping measures has acted as a catalyst in subsequent multilateral tariff negotiations. …”

“…"This paper examines concerns about the impact that TTIP could have on existing and future climate policies and laws from the inclusion of provisions on investment protection including investor-to-State dispute settlement (ISDS), the reduction of non-tariff barriers and the introduction of rules for trade in energy and raw materials. …”

“…"In June 2013, the ministers of trade in the EU Member States mandated the European Commission to begin negotiations with the USA on a free trade and investment partnership agreement primarily concerning free access to the market, the abolition of non-tariff barriers to trade, and arrangements for investment protection. …”

“…The Milk Marketing Board organises producers in self-protection, but accepts the existing distributive machinery. …”