“…The analyses show that pension incomes in these societies are diversified in terms of public vs. private pension income, purchasing power parities (PPP) adjusted income amounts, and the shape of the income distribution. …”

“…However, in terms of standards of living, measured through GDP per capita in purchasing power parity, only China would be close to achieving convergence to the US level, and only at the end of the simulation period."…”

“…For the median country in the world that in 2015 had a purchasing power parity gross domestic product per capita of around US$10,000, instrumental variables estimates predict that a 1 percentage point increase in the Gini coefficient decreases gross domestic product per capita growth over a five-year period by over 1 percentage point; the long-run effect on the level of gross domestic product per capita is around -5 percent."…”

“…Unlike previous studies, we control for differences in regional purchasing power parities, which are very large in practice. …”

“…As a measure of demand for traded goods, global GDP at market exchange rates is more appropriate than the conventional purchasing power parity-based measure. Moreover, extraordinary demand weakness in the euro area – which is a particularly trade intensive region – has had a substantial negative effect on intra-euro area trade flows, which are commonly counted towards global trade. …”

“…The number of people earning between US$1,144 and US$3,252 per year in 2013 prices in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms will increase by around 500 million, with the largest gains in Sub-Saharan Africa and India; those earning between US$3,252 and US$8,874 per year in 2013 prices will increase by almost 1 billion, with the largest gains in India and Sub-Saharan Africa; and those earning more than US$8,874 per year will increase by 1.2 billion, with the largest gains in China and the advanced economies. …”