“…"Article 4(1) UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) deals with temporary special (affirmative action) measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women. With a view to support the CEDAW Committee in the process of drafting a General Recommendation to Article 4(1) and in consultation with the Committee members, an expert seminar on this topic was organised in Maastricht, the Netherlands, in October 2002. …”

“…This second revision of the index distinguishes between de facto and de jure measures along the different dimensions of globalization. …”

“…. -- The Natural Law and Public Order. -- The de facto Rule of Law and Public Order. -- Revolutionary Occupation. -- The Form of Indirect Occupation. -- The Illegality of Occupation in Modern International Law.…”

“…Exploring unionisation projects undertaken by Sex Workers in most major economies, this ground-breaking study shows how sex-workers have collectively sought to control and organise their work and working lives by co-determining the wage-effort with their de facto employers. It highlights the range of significant obstacles that have impeded their progress, including owner hostility, state regulation and the sway of radical feminism that is present in many unions. …”

“…Furthermore, when regulations and standards are not based on sound science they serve as de facto trade barriers and have a negative impact on a wide variety of U.S. export sectors, as well as, those of developing countries. ..."…”

“…This result is only valid when considering de facto environmental standards, not de jure environmental standards. …”

“…It consists of both conceptual and more practical components and builds on four basic elements: the premises of definitional validity, reproducibility and transparency; the 168 evaluation criteria used to code de jure and de facto issues of non-compliance; the ILO textual sources selected for coding; and the general and source-specific coding rules. …”

“…1937-10-26 039-0053-004 4 the disembarking of the said children at Bilbao take part in the handing over of the said children to their parents, relations or guardians and should afterwards agree with the Representatives of the said de facto government and the said Apostolic Delegate the order and the names of the children thereafter to be embarked in England for return to Bilbao. …”

“…The latter comprises not only temporary employment relationships but also autonomous collaborations used by firms as low-cost de facto temporary employment relationships. Little is known about the quality of these temporary jobs, particularly widespread among young workers. …”

“…Furthermore, and in contrast with labor policy intentions, we show that de facto labor market regulations differentially benefit the most skilled workers, particularly those workers employed in non-routine and cognitive tasks. …”

“…In the remaining five EU Member States (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy and Sweden), while there is no statutory minimum wage, the minimum wage level is de facto set in (sectoral) collective agreements. It is important to note that the coverage of these agreements varies between countries and, as some employees are not covered, they may not be entitled to any minimum wage. …”

“…All parties are agreed that today there is no immediate risk of War in and around Bilbao and it is safe for the said children to be returned to their parents. 3. The de facto government now governing in and around Bilbao is willing that the children removed from Spain as aforementioned should forthwith be repatriated. 4. …”

“…We further recommend and urge all the said last mentioned parties and the de facto government at Bilbao to agree that 500 or more out of the aforementioned 800 children and other children whose parents it is agreed desire their return should be embarked at the earliest possible date accompanied by Father Gabana and an English Doctor and Superintendent nominated by the aforementioned Basque Children's Committee who should on 292/946/39/53(iii)…”

“…As the median voter accumulates nominal assets against a background of de facto and de jure increasing job security and rising wages, her preferences on macro-economic policies shift from concerns about employment-friendly to inflation-averse policies. …”

“…The main aim of the paper is to provide some clarity for non-specialists on a complex situation, and to highlight the need to find workable solutions that de facto restore investor confidence."…”

“…Between 2011 and 2014 the pensions system was largely dismantled: first by limiting the role of the 2nd pillar (mandatory private), secondly by raising the retirement age (to 67), and finally, by the de facto ‘nationalisation’ of the vast majority of the assets in the 2nd pillar (transferred to the 1st pillar, i.e. mandatory public). …”

“…We have stripped away worker protections and family support systems, created a tax system that rewards short-term gains over long-term investment, offered a de facto public safety net to too-big-to-fail financial institutions, and chosen monetary and fiscal policies that promote wealth over full employment."…”

“…Under complementarity between capital and specific human capital, physical capital and senior workers having accumulated specific human capital are de facto complement production factors and EPL may increase capital demand at the firm level. …”

“…Assuming this to be true, there should be a thorough debate on the relevance and viability of the de facto current constitution of the European Union. …”

“…"After steady employment growth since the 1990s, Spain has experienced the sharpest increase in unemployment among OECD countries during the crisis, amplified by structural problems of the labour market. Very high de facto severance payment of permanent contracts has resulted in a rigid dual market with adverse effects on unemployment and productivity. …”