Gender-differentiated effects of parenthood on earnings: understanding cross-national variation in the motherhood penalty and fatherhood bonus
"Although mothers are increasingly joining the labor force, employers continue to pay mothers less than non-mothers and fathers more than non-fathers. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), this paper investigates the influence of parental status on the incomes of men and women in e...
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| Institution: | ETUI-European Trade Union Institute |
| Format: | TEXT |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Luxembourg
2012
LIS |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.labourline.org/KENTIKA-19134411124919526939-Gender-differentiated-effects-.htm |
| Summary: | "Although mothers are increasingly joining the labor force, employers continue to pay mothers less than non-mothers and fathers more than non-fathers. Using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), this paper investigates the influence of parental status on the incomes of men and women in eight industrialized countries. I demonstrate the existence of an employer bias against mothers in all countries except the Netherlands and a bias toward fathers in all countries except the Netherlands and Luxembourg. I then compare three methods for categorizing countries based on gender equality to see which best explains the cross-national variation in motherhood penalties and fatherhood bonuses." |
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| Physical Description: | 24 p. Digital |